Introduction

Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed made history in 2019 by ending a decades-long stalemate with Eritrea, a feat that earned him the Nobel Peace Prize. However, the initial optimism surrounding the peace deal has waned, with tensions resurfacing and the broader Horn of Africa region remaining volatile. To cement his legacy as a transformative leader and peacemaker, PM Abiy must prioritize reviving and deepening peaceful relations with Eritrea. This essay argues that renewed diplomacy with Eritrea is not only essential for regional stability but also a moral imperative for Ethiopia’s long-term prosperity. By addressing the root causes of conflict, fostering economic integration, and promoting people-to-people ties, PM Abiy can reclaim his role as a global symbol of peace and reconciliation.

Historical Context: The Stakes of Ethiopia-Eritrea Relations

The relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea has been fraught with conflict since Eritrea gained independence in 1993. The 1998-2000 border war, which claimed tens of thousands of lives, left deep scars and entrenched mistrust between the two nations. Despite the 2018 peace agreement, which formally ended the state of war, progress has stalled. Key issues, such as border demarcation, trade, and political cooperation, remain unresolved. For PM Abiy, reviving this relationship is not just a diplomatic challenge but a historical responsibility. Ethiopia and Eritrea share cultural, linguistic, and economic ties that predate colonial borders. A lasting peace would not only benefit both nations but also set a precedent for conflict resolution in the Horn of Africa, a region plagued by instability. By addressing these historical grievances, PM Abiy can demonstrate that peace is not merely the absence of war but the presence of justice and mutual respect.

The Moral Imperative: Peace as a Foundation for Prosperity

Peace with Eritrea is not just a political objective but a moral imperative. The ongoing tensions have dire humanitarian consequences, including displacement, economic hardship, and the militarization of borders. For ordinary Ethiopians and Eritreans, peace means access to trade, reunification of families, and the opportunity to build a better future. PM Abiy’s initial peace efforts were celebrated because they offered hope to millions who had suffered the consequences of conflict. However, the failure to sustain this momentum has led to disillusionment. By reviving peaceful relations, PM Abiy can reaffirm his commitment to the well-being of both nations. Moreover, peace with Eritrea would free up resources for development, allowing Ethiopia to focus on internal challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and political reform. A stable relationship with Eritrea would also enhance Ethiopia’s credibility as a regional leader, reinforcing its role in mediating conflicts in Sudan, South Sudan, and Somalia.

Economic Integration: Unlocking the Potential of Peace

One of the most compelling arguments for reviving peace with Eritrea is the economic potential it unlocks. Before the border war, Eritrea’s ports of Massawa and Assab were vital gateways for Ethiopian trade. The closure of these routes forced Ethiopia to rely on Djibouti, increasing costs and limiting economic opportunities. A renewed peace agreement could reopen these ports, boosting trade and reducing transportation costs for Ethiopian businesses. Furthermore, economic integration between the two nations could spur investment in infrastructure, energy, and agriculture, creating jobs and improving living standards. For Eritrea, which faces severe economic challenges, access to Ethiopia’s large market could provide a much-needed lifeline. PM Abiy has the opportunity to champion a vision of shared prosperity, where peace is not just a political achievement but an economic necessity. By prioritizing economic cooperation, he can demonstrate that peace is not a zero-sum game but a win-win for both nations.

Regional Stability: A Ripple Effect of Peace

The Horn of Africa is one of the most volatile regions in the world, with conflicts in Sudan, South Sudan, and Somalia threatening regional stability. A stable relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea could serve as a cornerstone for broader peace efforts. Historically, Ethiopia and Eritrea have been key players in regional politics, often supporting opposing factions in neighboring conflicts. By aligning their interests and working together, they could play a pivotal role in mediating disputes and promoting stability. For PM Abiy, this would not only enhance Ethiopia’s regional influence but also position him as a global peacemaker. The international community, including the African Union and the United Nations, would likely support such efforts, providing diplomatic and financial backing. A renewed commitment to peace with Eritrea could thus have a ripple effect, transforming the Horn of Africa from a region of conflict to one of cooperation.

The Nobel Prize and Beyond: Cementing a Legacy

PM Abiy’s Nobel Peace Prize was a recognition of his bold efforts to end the stalemate with Eritrea. However, the true measure of his legacy will be whether this peace endures and deepens. By reviving peaceful relations, PM Abiy can reclaim his status as a global symbol of reconciliation. This would not only enhance his international standing but also inspire other leaders to pursue peace in their own contexts. Moreover, a lasting peace with Eritrea would address criticisms that the initial agreement was more symbolic than substantive. By tackling unresolved issues such as border demarcation and political cooperation, PM Abiy can demonstrate that his commitment to peace is unwavering. In doing so, he would not only secure his place in history but also set a powerful example for future generations.

Conclusion

Reviving peaceful relations with Eritrea is not just a diplomatic priority for PM Abiy Ahmed; it is a moral, economic, and strategic imperative. By addressing historical grievances, fostering economic integration, and promoting regional stability, PM Abiy can cement his legacy as a transformative leader and peacemaker. The Nobel Peace Prize was a recognition of his initial efforts, but the true test lies in sustaining and deepening this peace. For the people of Ethiopia and Eritrea, peace means hope, opportunity, and a chance to build a better future. For the Horn of Africa, it means a step toward lasting stability. And for PM Abiy, it means reclaiming his role as a global symbol of reconciliation. The path to peace is never easy, but it is always worth pursuing. By prioritizing this goal, PM Abiy can ensure that his legacy is not just a moment in history but a foundation for the future.